Last updated on: 2/14/2019 | Author: ProCon.org

Footnotes & Sources

The background and pro and con arguments were written by ProCon.org staff based upon input from the following footnotes (directly referenced) and sources (used for general research and not directly referenced):

Footnotes:

  1. United States Census Bureau, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2012,” census.gov, Sep. 2013
  2. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), “National Health Expenditures 2012 Highlights,” cms.gov (accessed June 11, 2014)
  3. Joshua Wright, “Health Care’s Unrivaled Job Gains and Where It Matters Most,” forbes.com, Oct. 7, 2013
  4. Joy Wilke, “Majority in US Say Healthcare Not Gov’t Responsibility,” gallup.com, Nov. 18, 2013
  5. Physicians for a National Health Program, “A Brief History: Universal Health Care Efforts in the US,” pnhp.org, 1999
  6. Alan Derickson, “‘Health for Three-Thirds of the Nation’: Public Health Advocacy of Universal Access to Medical Care in the United States,” American Journal of Public Health, Feb. 2002
  7. American Medical Association, “AMA History Timeline,” ama-assn.org (accessed Dec. 12, 2013)
  8. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, “This Day in Truman History November 19, 1945: President Truman’s Proposed Health Program,” trumanlibrary.org (accessed Dec. 12, 2013)
  9. Kaiser Health News, “Nixon’s Plan for Health Reform, in His Own Words,” kaiserhealthnews.org, Sep. 3, 2009
  10. Richard Nixon, “Special Message to the Congress on Health Care,” presidency.ucsb.edu, Mar. 2, 1972
  11. Richard Nixon, “Special Message to the Congress Proposing a National Health Strategy,” presidency.ucsb.edu, Feb. 18, 1971
  12. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “National Health Insurance – A Brief History of Reform Efforts in the US,” kff.org, Mar. 2009
  13. Consumer Choice Health Security Act of 1994, govtrack.us, Nov. 20, 1993
  14. Bill Clinton, “Address on Health Care Reform,” millercenter.org, Sep. 22, 1993
  15. Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS), “Time to Draw the Line,” aapsonline.org, Nov. 1993
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  17. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “OECD Health Data 2013: How Does the United States Compare,” oecd.org, 2013
  18. Consumer Reports, “Sluggish Economy Forces Americans to Cut Corners to Pay for Medications,” consumerreports.org, Sep. 2012
  19. National Patient Advocate Foundation, “Issue Brief: Medical Debt, Medical Bankruptcy and the Impact on Patients,” npaf.org, Sep. 2012
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  24. Scott Atlas, MD, “What the World Doesn’t Know about Health Care in America,” foxnews.com, Nov. 16, 2012
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  56. Katherine Peralta, “World Bank’s Kim Says Health Care ‘Is a Right for Everyone,'” bloomberg.com, Jan. 14, 2014
  57. Emily Maltby and Angus Loten, “Will Health-Care Law Beget Entrepreneurs?,” wsj.com, May 8, 2013
  58. Alison Wellington, “Health Insurance Coverage and Entrepreneurship,” Contemporary and Economic Policy, Oct. 2001
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  64. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Health Security Watch,” kff.org, June 2012
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  66. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, “Number of Americans Obtaining Health Insurance through an Employeer Declines Steadily Since 2000,” rwjf.org, Apr. 11, 2013
  67. Toni Johnson, “Healthcare Costs and US Competitiveness,” cfr.org, Mar. 26, 2012
  68. Aetna, “The Facts About Rising Health Care Costs,” aetna.com (accessed Jan. 28, 2014)
  69. Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP), “Summary: HR 676, the Expanded & Improved Medicare for All Act,” pnhp.org, Feb. 12, 2013
  70. Russia Today (RT), “‘Healthcare Is Not a Right’ – Ron Paul,” rt.com, July 19, 2010
  71. Jene E. O’Neill and Dave M. O’Neill, “Health Status, Health Care and Inequality: Canada vs. the US,” nebr.org, Sep. 2007
  72. Bacchus Barua and Nadeem Esmail, “Waiting Your Turn: Wait Times for Health Care in Canada, 2013 Report,” fraserinstitute.org, Oct. 2013
  73. Merritt Hawkins, “Physician Appointment Wait Times and Medicaid and Medicare Acceptance Rates,” merritthawkins.com, 2014
  74. Kevin C. Fleming, “High-Priced Pain: What to Expect from a Single-Payer Health Care System,” heritage.org, Sep. 22, 2006
  75. Emily Gosden, “UK Has Fewer Doctors Per Person than Bulgaria and Estonia,” telegraph.co.uk, Jan. 3, 2014
  76. Sarah Mann, “Addressing the Physician Shortage under Reform,” aamc.org, May 6, 2011
  77. Paul Ryan, “Opening Statement on the Fiscal Consequences of the Health Care Law,” budget.house.gov, Jan. 26, 2011
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  79. Charles Blahous, “The Fiscal Consequences of the Affordable Care Act,” mercatus.org, Mar. 3, 2012
  80. Michael Tanner, “Five Myths about New Health Care Law,” Orange County Register, Jan. 19, 2011
  81. Douglas Holtz-Eakin, and Michael J. Ramlet, “Health Care Reform Is Likely to Widen Federal Budget Deficits, Not Reduce Them,” Health Affairs, June 2010
  82. Congressional Budget Office, “Estimates for the Insurance Coverage Provisions of the Affordable Care Act Updated for the Recent Supreme Court Decision,” cbo.gov, July 2012.
  83. David Kelly, PhD, “Is There a Right to Health Care?” atlasssociety.org (accessed Mar. 26, 2014)
  84. Chris Field, “Ronald Reagan Fought Against Obamacare 50 Years Before It Became Law,” townhall.com, Mar. 4, 2011
  85. Paul Roderick Gregory, “Obamacare a Mess? Liberals Say Go Single Payer,” forbes.com, Oct. 28, 2013
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  89. Sally Pipes, “Michael Moore Is Right: Obamacare Is Awful, But Single-Payer Would Be Much Worse,” forbes.com, Feb. 3, 2014
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  91. Robert A. Book, PhD, “Single Payer: Why Government-Run Health Care Will Harm Both Patients and Doctors,” heritage.org, Apr. 3, 2009
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